We are interested in the very early stages of how immune cells pick up and respond to the presence of cancer cells. We have shown that specific toxins made by “killer T-cells” can prevent the onset of certain cancers (immune surveillance). We are developing genetic technologies to modify and expand the activity of these cells to treat established malignancies. Also, we are defining the molecular means by which new classes of anti-cancer drugs kill cancer cells. This will help us make rational choices on a patient’s most appropriate cancer chemotherapy.